![]() ![]() Rhines & Herbert Maruska from the University of Stafford invented a blue color LED with Magnesium including future standards. George Crawford (Electrical Engineer) was invented the yellow color LED. In the year 1971, Jacques Pankove & Edward Miller were invented a blue LED.In the year 1968, HP (Hewlett Packard) started using LEDs in calculators.In the year 1964, IBM implemented LEDs on a circuit board for the first time on a computer.In the year 1962, a red LED was developed by Nick Holonyak.In the year 1958, the first green LED was invented by Rubin Braunstein & Egon Loebner.Kurt Lechovec has tested the theories of Losers theories and explained about the first LEDs In the year 1927, Oleg Losev (Russian inventor) was created the first LED and published some theory on his research.A short review of LED history is discussed below. LEDs were invented in the year 1927 but not a new invention. The photons are given off as the electrons and holes are recombined.Electron and holes at the junction are combined.Pushing the holes in the opposite direction. The power supply across the p-n junction makes the diode forward biased and pushing the electrons from n-type to p-type.The P-type silicon is in the blue color and it contains holes, they are indicated by the white circles.From the above diagram, we can observe that the N-type silicon is in red color including the electrons which are indicated by the black circles.The above diagram shows how the light-emitting diode works and the step by step process of the diagram. ![]() Hence it makes the complete atom & more stable and it gives the little burst of energy in the form of a tiny packet or photon of light. Soon after the electrons are moving from the n-type to the p-type silicon, it combines with the holes, then it disappears. When the diode is forward biased, then the electrons & holes are moving fast across the junction and they are combined constantly, removing one another out. The light-emitting diode simply, we know as a diode. Because the charge carriers like holes include a positive charge whereas electrons have a negative charge so the light can be generated through the recombination of polarity charges. This region is also known as the depletion region. Once the voltage is applied then the LED will forward biased, so the electrons in the N-region and holes from P-region will move to the active region. When the voltage is not applied to the LED, then there is no flow of electrons and holes so they are stable. In the construction, the P-type region includes the holes the N-type region includes elections whereas the active region includes both holes and electrons. The three regions of semiconductor material can be observed in the construction. These three layers are arranged one by one where the top region is a P-type region, the middle region is active and finally, the bottom region is N-type. The construction of LED is very simple because it is designed through the deposition of three semiconductor material layers over a substrate. The LED includes two terminals namely anode (+) and the cathode (-). The LED symbol is similar to a diode symbol except for two small arrows that specify the emission of light, thus it is called LED (light-emitting diode). ![]()
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